Civil Engineering Hydraulics free Download

Civil Engineering Hydraulics: Essential Theory with Worked Examples 

C. Nalluri (Author), R. E. Featherstone (Author)

Civil Engineering Hydraulics: Essential Theory with Worked Examples free Download

Contents 

1.       Properties of Fluids

2.       Fluid Statics

3.       Fluid Flow Concepts and Measurements

4.       Flow of Incompressible Fluids in Pipelines

5.       Pipe Networks Analysis

6.       Pump – Pipeline System Analysis and Design

7.       Boundary Layers on Flat Plates and in Ducts

8.       Steady Flow in Open Channels

9.       Dimensional Analysis, Similitude and Hydraulic Models

10.   Ideal Fluid Flow and Curvilinear Flow

11.   Gradually Varied Unsteady Flow  from Reservoirs

12.   Mass Oscillations and Pressure Transients in Pipelines

13.   Unsteady Flow in Channels

14.   Uniform Flow in Loose-Boundary Channels

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Scrapers used for clearing the site

It is a digging and carrying device which picks up its own load by scraping the ground, and transports it to site. After discharging the material it spreads the same over the desired area and returns to the pit site for scraping the next load. It consists essentially of a large scoop with a cutting edge. The scoop is a bucket or shallow container of steel known as bowl or body.

It is this bowl or body which excavates, transports and dumps the material, where required. Scoop is designed to excavate, load and transport the material  over a relatively short distance upto about 450 meters or  half kilometer. The cutting edge of this scoop excavates  the earth and the excavated material is collected in the  body of the scraper through the body from the front gate of the bucket. This material is discharged at the site from the rear gate of the bucket. Thus this machine is the most economical and useful for earthwork operation of a project as it is self- operating to the extent of loading, hauling and discharging material at the site. 

Three types of scrapers are available

Towed Scrapers – these consist of four wheeled scraper bowl which is towed behind a power unit such as a crawler tractor

Three Axle Scrapers – these consist of a two wheeled scraper bowl which may have a rear engine to assist the four wheeled traction engine which makes up the complement.

Two Axle Scrapers – these have a two wheeled scraper bowl with an attached two wheeled power unit.

Storey Enclosure Method

Storey enclosure unit – It measure the area of external walls, floors and roof areas (effectively enclosing the building) and multiplying them by an appropriate weighting factor.

Not much used in practice and involves greater calculation.

Historical data are not readily available

Provides a single rate

Take into account of difference in plan shape total floor area, vertical position of the floors, overall height, storey height, extra costs of providing usable floor areas below ground.

1.  Floor areas, measured from the internal face of external walls and subject to the following  weightings

basements X 3

ground floor X 2

first floor X 2,15

second floor X 2.30 and add 0,15 for each successive floor

2. Roof areas are measured in its plan projection, to the extremities of eaves: roof x 1. 

3. External wall areas, measured on the external face of the walls:

 basement wall area      X 2    (basement floor to ground floor  level)

Above ground wall areas X 1  (ground floor to ceiling of top floor with no deduction for openings)

When this method was suggested, it aimed at  overcoming the problems detected in other single-rate estimating methods, by taking into account variations in plan shape and storey height. Unfortunately, the method was never totally adopted by construction professionals because it requires much more calculations than other single-rate methods and because the rates needed cannot be directly extracted from historical data

 Storey enclosure unit Method Estimate

The primary function of bill of quantities

The primary function of bill of quantities

Bill of quantities need to provide a source of data for quantity surveyors to estimating 

Collect to the data for feedback of information for the contractor

To serve as a contract document  -  because this sets a standard of verbal precision and quantitative reliability without which none of the other functions would have a satisfactory basis.

To provide a basis for tendering - because most contract  are placed as a result or  competitive tendering, and a bill common to all tenders  esures comparability of tenders and is more economical of time and effort (both of which, ultimately, have to be paid for by employer).

To provide basis for interim certificate,

Necessary to a basis for valuing variations – these two being direct extensions of the contractual functions of bill of quantities which come into action post contract.

To serve the contractor in the organization of his work

To facilitate financial control by the employer 

Structural Concrete Theory and Design Free download

Structural Concrete Theory and Design Free download

Structural e-books

Structural Concrete Theory and Design Free download

Structural Concrete Theory and Design 4th Edition

Authors: M. Nadim Hassoun and Akthem Al-Manaseer

Contents: Contents:

1. Introduction

2. Properties of Reinforced Concrete

3. Flexural Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams

4. Flexural Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams

·         4.2 Rectangular Sections with Reinforcement Only

·         4.3 Spacing of Reinforcement and Concrete Cover

·         4.6 Additional Examples

·         4.7 Examples Using SI Units

5. Alternative Design Methods

·         5.2 Load Factors

·         5.7 Strut and Tie Method

6. Deflection and Control of Cracking

·         6.1 Deflection of Structural Concrete Members

·         6.2 Instantaneous Deflection

·         6.7 ACI Code Requirements

·         7. Development Length of Reinforcing Bars

7.1 Introduction

·         7.2 Development of Bond Stresses

·         7.3 Development Length in Tension

·         7.4 Development Length in Compression

·         7.9 Moment-Resistance Diagram (Bar Cutoff Points)

8. Shear and Diagonal Tension

·         8.1 Introduction

·         8.2 Shear Stresses in Concrete Beams

·         8.3 Behavior of Beams Without Shear Reinforcement

·         8.11 Deep Flexural Members

·         8.12 Examples Using SI Units

9. One-Way Slabs

·         9.1 Types of Slabs

·         9.7 One- Way Joist Floor System

10. Axially Loaded Columns

·         10.1 Introduction

·         10.8 Long Columns

11. Members in Compression and Bending

·         11.7 Strength of Columns for Tension Failure

·         11.8 Strength of Columns for Compression Failure

·         11.15 Circular Columns with Uniform Reinforcement Under Biaxial Bending

·         11.16 Square and Rectangular Columns Under Biaxial Bending

·         11.17 Parme Load Contour Method

·         11.18 Equation of Failure Surface

·         11.19 SI Examples

12. Slender Columns

·         12.1 Introduction

·         12.2 Effective Column Length

·         12.6 Moment-Magnifier Design Method

13. Footings

·         13.1 Introduction

·         13.2 Types of Footings

·         13.3 Distribution of Soil Pressure

·         13.4 Design Considerations

·         13.10 Footings on Piles

·         13.11 SI Equations

14. Retaining Walls

·         14.1 Introduction

·         14.2 Types of Retaining Walls

·         14.3 Forces on Retaining Walls

·         14.10 Drainage

·         14.11 Basement Walls

15. Design for Torsion

16. Continuous Beams and Frames

17. Design of Two-Way Slabs

18. Stairs

19. Introduction to Prestressed Concrete

20. Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

21. Beams Curved in Plan

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